How to Tell if Sunglasses Are Polarized

Steps

Method 1

Testing on a Reflective Surface

1. 1

   Find a reflective surface that produces glare when light is shining on it.

   You could use a reflective tabletop, a mirror, or other shiny, flat surface. Make sure the glare is noticeable even from about 2 to 3 feet (60 to 90 cm) away.

   ^[1]

   • If you need to produce glare, you can turn on overhead lights or shine a flashlight on a reflective surface.

2. 2

   Hold your sunglasses about 6 to 8 inches (15 to 20 cm) in front of your eyes. You should be able to view the surface through one of the lenses at a time. Depending on the size of the lenses in your sunglasses, you might need to move them a little closer to your face.

3. 3

   Rotate the sunglasses upwards to a 60 degree angle.

   Your sunglasses should be on an angle at this point, with one of the lenses raised slightly higher than the other. Since sunglasses are polarized in a specific direction, rotating the sunglasses can make the polarization more effective.

   ^[2]

   • Depending on how the glare is hitting the surface, you might have to slightly adjust the angle of the glasses to see a noticeable difference

4. 4

   Look through the lens and check the level of glare.

   If the sunglasses are polarized, you will notice the glare disappears. When you look through one of the lenses, it should be very dark and you should see little to no glare, but it will still look like the light is shining on the surface.

   ^[3]

   • Move the sunglasses to compare your regular eyesight to what you see through the sunglasses a few times if you’re unsure of the effectiveness of the polarization.

Method 2

Comparing Two Pairs of Sunglasses

1. 1

   Locate a pair of sunglasses that you know are polarized.

   If you already have a pair of sunglasses that are polarized, or are at a store with multiple pairs of polarized sunglasses, you can do a comparison test. The test is only effective with another pair of polarized sunglasses.

   ^[4]

2. 2

   Hold the polarized pair of sunglasses out and the other pair in front of them.

   Align the lenses in your eyeline, making sure they’re about 1 to 2 inches (2.5 to 5.1 cm) apart. You’ll want the questionable pair of sunglasses to be closest to you, and the polarized pair to be farther away.

   ^[5]

   • Make sure the lenses don’t touch each other, as this can cause scratches on the coating.

3. 3

   Position the sunglasses in front of a bright light for more dramatic results.

   This will help make the test a little easier, especially if it’s your first time comparing sunglasses this way. The light will make the shading more distinct.

   ^[6]

   • You can use natural light coming in from a window or artificial light like overhead lighting or a lamp.

4. 4

   Rotate the questionable sunglasses by 60 degrees.

   One of the lenses should be diagonal from the other lens, and the polarized sunglasses should stay in the same position. Only one of the lenses will still be aligned with the other pair.

   ^[7]

   • It doesn’t matter which way you rotate the sunglasses, but make sure you hold both pairs of lenses steady.

5. 5

   Look at the overlapping section of the lenses to see if it’s darker.

   If both pairs of sunglasses are polarized, the overlapping lenses will appear to be darker when you look at them straight on. If the questionable pair isn’t polarized, there won’t be a difference in color.

   ^[8]

   • You can compare the overlapping lenses to the color of the lenses that aren’t overlapping.

Method 3

Using Your Computer Screen

1. 1

   Turn your computer screen to its brightest setting.

   Most electronics have the same anti-glare technology as polarized glasses. You’ll be able to test the polarization by looking at the screen.

   ^[9]

   • Open a white screen, because they brightness will make the effect of the test more prominent.

2. 2

   Put on your sunglasses.

   Once you’re in front of the computer, just put the sunglasses on like you’d normally wear them. Make sure you’re sitting directly in front of the screen.

   ^[10]

   • It might be helpful to elevate your computer screen to eye level if it isn’t already positioned there.

3. 3

   Tilt your head 60 degrees to the left or right.

   While you’re in front of the screen, tilt the top of your head to the left or right side of your body. If the sunglasses are polarized, the screen will appear to turn black due to the anti-glare properties cancelling each other out.

   ^[11]

   • If one side doesn’t work, try tilting your head to the other side. If that doesn’t work, the sunglasses are not polarized.

Warnings

• If possible, test the polarization of your sunglasses before purchasing them. Some stores will have polarization test cards that have images only visible when using polarized sunglasses.

Article Info

Featured Article

Categories: Sunglasses

Thanks to all authors for creating a page that has been read 1,294 times.

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How to Make Frozen Lemonade

If it's a hot summer day, and you want something fancier than plain lemonade, you can always try frozen lemonade instead. There are lots of different kinds that you can make. All are easy to make, and just as tasty to drink. Once you know how to make frozen lemonade, you can serve it up at your next party or lemonade stand for something truly unique.

EditIngredients

EditSimple Frozen Lemonade

• 2 cups (300 grams) ice
• 2 cups (475 milliliters) water
• About 2 tablespoons powdered lemonade

Makes 2 to 4 servings

EditFrozen Lemonade from Scratch^[1]

• 1 cup (240 milliliters) freshly-squeezed lemon juice (about 3 to 4 lemons)
• 1/3 cup (75 grams) white sugar
• 3 cups (700 milliliters) water, divided
• ¼ teaspoon lemon zest (optional)

Makes 2 to 4 servings

EditCreamy Frozen Lemonade^[2]

• 1 cup (240 milliliters) freshly-squeezed lemon juice (about 3 to 4 lemons)
• ½ cup (115 grams) white sugar
• 2½ cups (590 milliliters) water
• 4 scoops vanilla ice cream

Makes 2 servings

EditSteps

EditMaking Simple Frozen Lemonade

1. Pulse the ice in a blender until crushed. Don't worry about turning the ice into slush just yet. You just want to break the ice up. This recipe will give you more of a slushy-like consistency; it will not be smooth like a smoothie.
   
2. Prepare 2 cups (475 milliliters) of lemonade. Fill a pitcher with 2 cups (475 milliliters) of water, and add the powdered lemonade into it. How much powdered lemonade you add will depend on what brand you are using; in general, it will be about 1 tablespoon per 1 cup (240 milliliters) of water. Stir it briskly with a whisk until combined.
   
3. Pour the lemonade into the blender and blend until everything is mixed together, or until you get a consistency you like. The ice should be mostly broken up. It won't be completely smooth, and there may be some larger chips left, like in a slushy.
   
4. Taste the frozen lemonade and make any necessary adjustments. If the lemonade is too sweet, add some more water. If the lemonade is too sour, add some sugar.
   
5. Pour the frozen lemonade into several tall glasses. This is enough to make two large servings, or four smaller ones. You can also garnish it with a mint leaf and/or a lemon slice for a touch of color.
   
6. Finished.
   

EditMaking Frozen Lemonade from Scratch

1. Place a 9 by 12 inch (22.86 by 30.48 centimeters) baking pan into the freezer 30 minutes before you start making the lemonade. You will be freezing the lemonade in this. Putting the pan in the freezer will make it extra cold by the time you are ready to add the lemonade. The result will be a somewhat smooth—not quite like a slushy, but not quite like a smoothie either.
   
2. Combine the sugar, lemon juice, and 2 cups (475 milliliters) of water in a pitcher. Save the remaining 1 cup (240 milliliters) of water for later. If you'd like, you can also add ¼ teaspoon of lemon zest for extra flavor and texture. Make sure that everything is evenly mixed together and the sugar is dissolved.
   
3. Pour the lemonade into the pan, and freeze it for 90 minutes, stirring it half hour. During this time, the lemonade will start to freeze and turn to slush. Every 30 minutes, open the freezer, and stir the lemonade with a whisk. This will break up any large, icy chunks, and give you a smoother drink in the end.^[3]
   
4. Whisk in the remaining 1 cup (240 milliliters) of water, and give the lemonade a taste. After the 90 minutes are up, take the pan out of the freezer and mix in the remaining cup of water. Give it a taste. If it is too strong, add a little bit more water. If it is too sour, add some more sugar. If it is too sweet, add a little bit more lemon juice.^[4]
   
5. Pour the frozen lemonade into a blender, and blend until smooth. Pulse it on low for 20 seconds, then on high for 20 more seconds. Make sure that there are no large, icy chunks remaining.^[5]
   
6. Pour the frozen lemonade into tall glasses, and serve. This makes either 4 small servings, or 2 large servings. For a fancier drink, garnish it with a sprinkle of lemon zest, a slice of lemon, or a mint leaf.
   

EditMaking Creamy Frozen Lemonade

1. Combine the lemon juice, sugar, and water in a pitcher, and stir until the sugar is dissolved. If you can't get any fresh lemons, you can use bottled lemon juice (not lemonade) instead; you will need 1½ cups (350 milliliters) of bottled lemon juice.^[6]
   
2. Leave the lemonade in the refrigerator for 1 hour to chill.^[7] This will ensure that the lemonade is cold enough and doesn't melt the ice cream when you add it in later on.
   
3. Add 1 cup (240 milliliters) of the chilled lemonade and 4 scoops of ice cream into a blender. Save the rest of the lemonade for more servings or for another recipe. For best results, use good quality ice cream, and not the "frozen dessert" kind.^[8]
   
4. Blend the lemonade and ice cream together until completely smooth. Make sure that the ice cream is evenly mixed throughout the lemonade. There should be not streaks or swirls.
   
5. Pour the frozen lemonade into 2 tall glasses and serve. At this point, you can use the rest of the chilled lemonade to made more frozen lemonade. Remember, you will need 4 scoops of ice cream for every cup (240 milliliters) of chilled lemonade.
   
   • For an added touch, garnish the frozen lemonade with some whipped cream or a sprinkle of lemon zest.

EditVideo

EditTips

• Don't put too much lemonade mix in your lemonade. Remember that you can always add, but you can't take back!
• You can always make frozen lemonade in an ice cream maker. Mix the lemonade first, then chill it for 1 hour. Pour it into an ice cream maker, and freeze it according to the manufacturer's instructions until it turns slushy.
• If the lemonade is too sweet, add more lemon juice. If it is too sour, add more sugar. If it is too strong, add more water.
• If you don't have a blender, use a food processor instead.
• Garnish the frozen lemonade with some lemon zest, a lemon slice, or a mint leaf. You can also add a dollop of whipped cream for something extra fancy.
• If the lemonade is too thick to drink through a regular straw, try a thicker straw, like the kind used for bubble/boboa milk tea. You can also eat the chunkier bits with a long spoon.

EditThings You'll Need

EditSimple Frozen Lemonade

• Pitcher
• Whisk
• Blender

EditFrozen Lemonade from Scratch

• 9 by 12 inch (22.86 by 30.48 centimeters) baking pan
• Pitcher
• Whisk
• Blender

EditCreamy Frozen Lemonade

• Pitcher
• Stirring spoon
• Ice cream scoop
• Blender

EditRelated wikiHows

• Make Fizzy Lemonade
• Make Watermelon Lemonade
• Make Orange Lemonade Slush
• Create a Natural, Healthy Lemonade

EditSources and Citations

Cite error: <ref> tags exist, but no <references/> tag was found

How to Choose an Artificial Sweetener

Eating too much sugar can create a variety of health problems, so many people turn to artificial sweeteners as a substitute. When it comes time to choose a sugar substitute, it’s important to first consider taste and your personal preferences. Some sweeteners also do better in liquids or for baking than others. You can even mix a few sweeteners together until you find the right combination for you.^[1]

EditSteps

EditComparing Popular Artificial Sweeteners

1. Try aspartame if you want a widely available product. NutraSweet and Equal, which both come in small single-serve packets, are aspartame sweeteners. And, almost every grocery store carries many products with aspartame mixed in. This amino acid compound was approved by the FDA over 3 decades ago and continues to be very popular with consumers.^[2]
   
   • It usually comes in tiny granules that are around 180 times sweeter than sugar. A small amount of aspartame goes a long way.
   • Most people have no problems tolerating aspartame. But, if you have phenylketonuria (PKU) (a rare genetic condition), you’ll need to read product labels carefully and avoid consuming aspartame.
2. Use saccharin if you want a long-established sweetener. Saccharin was first used in the 1870s and packaged almost a century later as Sweet’N Low and other forms. Saccharin is around 300 times sweeter than table sugar and mixes well with both foods and drinks. Saccharin is usually mild on the stomach, making it a favorite with some consumers.^[3]
   
   • The FDA approved saccharin for consumer use in 2000.^[4] Prior to this decision, there were some fears that saccharin might be linked to the development of bladder cancer.
3. Check out sucralose if you want a very sweet baking option. Splenda comes in small, single-serve packets and is the most common brand name of sucralose. Sucralose is about 600 times sweeter than white table sugar. This means that you can use a small amount of it to great effect. It also does well at high temperatures, making it a go-to sugar substitute for many bakers.^[5]
   
   • The FDA has designated sucralose as safe for consumer use. However, there are concerns that sucralose can cause uncontrolled weight gain.^[6]
   • If you are using Splenda to replace sugar, 24 packets is equal to 1 cup of sugar.
4. Try stevia for a plant-based option. Truvia and Splenda Naturals are both granule, single-serve, brand-name versions of stevia. Stevia is extracted from plants similar to chrysanthemums and then packaged as crystals or liquid. Stevia is a low-calorie option with a strong sweet taste.^[7]
   
   • Stevia may seem like a more ‘natural’ sugar substitute, but this can be misleading as it is very processed.
   • People who suffer from low blood pressure should not consume Stevia, as it may drop your levels even more.
5. Mix in acesulfame if you plan to combine sweeteners. Due to its bitter taste, most people mix together acesulfame with another sweetener, such as sucralose. Acesulfame is one of the best artificial sweeteners for baking, as it does not break down at high temperatures. However, you’ll want to use it sparingly, as it multiplies the sweetness of sugar by 200%.^[8]
   
   • It’s best to mix acesulfame and sucralose at a 75/25 ratio.
   • Although the FDA approved acesulfame years ago, some consumer groups are still concerned about its possible health effects, such as headaches and depression.
6. Test out sugar alcohols for a low-calorie sugar replacement. Sugar alcohols are manufactured chemical compounds that taste about 60-70% as sweet as sugar. With their liquid nature, they are often used in candies or gums. If you want a subtle way to add sweetness to your foods or drinks without lots of extra calories, this might be a good option.^[9]
   
   • Sugar alcohols go by a variety of names, including xylitol, erythritol, sorbitol, and maltitol.
   • The FDA generally believes that sugar alcohols are safe for consumption. However, you should keep them away from pets, as they can cause serious illness or even death in pets.^[10]
7. Add in neotame for an intense sugar alternative. Neotame is often used by manufacturers as an addition to juices or even beauty products. It is a chemically altered version of aspartame designed to be extra sweet. Neotame is around 7,000 times sweeter than white table sugar.^[11]
   
   • Even with the additional chemical changes, some health experts argue that neotame is actually safer to use than its counterpart aspartame.
   • The FDA has also approved neotame for consumer consumption. However, there are concerns that neotame could irritate your respiratory system.
8. Use advantame if you want the newest option. At around 20,000 times sweeter than table sugar, advantame packs a sweetness punch. This means that most consumers avoid using it unless they are mass producing a product, such as jams, jellies, or syrups. It’s also derived from aspartame as part of a chemical process and available in powder form.^[12]
   
   • The FDA approved advantame for general use in 2014, making it one of the newest artificial sweeteners to hit the market.

EditUsing Sweeteners with Your Health in Mind

1. Talk with your doctor if you have a preexisting condition. In certain cases, artificial sweeteners can cause your body to react in unhealthy ways. If you have a health condition, such as diabetes, go ahead and make an appointment or call your doctor before using sugar substitutes. Your doctor may also be able to suggest the best artificial sweetener for you.^[13]
   
   • For example, people with diabetes consuming sucralose might find that their insulin spikes right after eating or drinking it, although this is rare.
2. Keep track of calories from artificial sweeteners. Most artificial sweeteners still contain calories, and will therefore add these empty calories to your diet. Keep track of how much artificial sweetener you consume, and try to limit yourself to under 25 grams a day. Look on the sweetener packet or product box for the nutrition information.
   
   • For example, 1 teaspoon of Equal is 13 calories. A single packet of Splenda is 3 calories.
3. Avoid eating too many unhealthy low/no “sugar” foods. Be careful not to overindulge in foods that are higher in calories or fat just because they are made with artificial sweeteners. Some foods, such as cookies, advertise “no sugar” on their packaging, but they're still loaded with fat and calories. Read the labels of any processed foods carefully prior to eating them.^[14]
   
4. Replace sweets with healthy and filling snacks. If you find yourself using multiple packets of sweeteners each day, you might want to consider replacing those drinks or foods with healthy alternatives. Add a slice of lemon or orange to a glass of water, instead of an artificial sweetener. Avoid cookies packed with artificial sweeteners and go with a packet of nuts for a snack instead.^[15]
   
   • As a general rule, you can safely drink or eat around 32 packets of artificial sweeteners with aspartame per day. That suggested daily limit drops to 8 packets for artificial sweeteners containing saccharin.^[16]

EditEvaluating Tastes, Textures, and Uses

1. Choose between crystal or liquid sweeteners. Equal, Stevia, and other artificial sweeteners come in small packets or pour containers filled with crystals. These packets are often great for convenience and on-the-go use. However, they will add a slightly chunky texture to drinks or foods until the crystals fully dissolve. Liquid sweeteners are often used in mass production and consumers might find their taste overwhelming.
   
2. Test out various sweeteners for baking. Natural sugar provides a certain consistency and volume when added to recipes. Artificial sweeteners can throw off the natural balance of a recipe, if not carefully tested beforehand. Read the directions on the sweetener package for “sugar substitutions” and follow any suggestions carefully.^[17]
   
   • For example, sucralose (Splenda) can often replace white sugars in your recipe, but not brown sugars. Adding in sucralose for all sugars can make your baked goods taste heavier.
   • Aspartame isn’t heat stable, so it’s generally not good for cooking or baking.
3. Pay attention to a sweetener’s aftertaste. Eat a small amount of the sweetener on its own. Wait until it has fully dissolved in your mouth. Then, move your mouth and tongue around and see if you notice a particularly problematic aftertaste. Some sweeteners may taste overly sweet, while others may leave a sour taste in your mouth.^[18]
   
   • Fully rinse out your mouth with water in between these taste tests.
   • Stevia tends to have a bitter aftertaste, whereas saccharin can taste overly sweet.

EditVideo

EditWarnings

• Artificial sweeteners are known to cause some people to get migraines.^[19]
• Excessive artificial sweetener use has been linked to weight gain.^[20]
• Regularly using artificial sweeteners may cause you to crave more sweets.^[21]

EditRelated wikiHows

• Choose Natural Sweetener

EditSources and Citations

Cite error: <ref> tags exist, but no <references/> tag was found

How to Help Save the Rivers

An editor has suggested a title change Help Save Rivers In accordance with the title policy, titles should be the most concise, most commonly searched way to describe the content. To suggest a new title, change this template or comment on the discussion page. Notice added on 2018-04-29.

Steps

Method 1

Reducing Your Water Usage

1. 1

   Take quicker showers to conserve water.

   One easy way to conserve water is to cut down on your shower time. Practice cutting your showers down to 10 minutes, then 7, then 5. Challenge yourself to take a shorter shower every day.

   ^[2]

   • If you are shaving or conditioning your hair, turn off the water until you need to rinse.
   • If you let the water run until it warms up, collect the cold water in a bucket for reuse.
   • If you want a bath, plug the tub first instead of draining cold water. When warmer water flows, it will heat up the cold water.

2. 2

   Wait for a full load of clothing before running a washing machine.

   Washing machines take up a lot of water and electricity, so running a cycle for a couple of articles of clothing is inefficient. Hold off on laundry until you can fill the machine.

   ^[3]

   • If you need a dirty piece of clothing sooner, try washing it by hand.
   • You can wash a small load of clothing in the sink, then hang it to dry.

3. 3

   Turn off the water when you’re not using it.

   Avoid letting the water run while you’re brushing your teeth or shaving. Keep your hoses and faucets turned off as much as possible. When you need them, use them sparingly.

   ^[4]

   • Hoses in particular use a lot of excess water. Keep them off as much as possible and don’t rely on them for cleaning purposes.

4. 4

   Collect unused water for reuse.

   A lot of wasted water comes from showers, air conditioners, and similar sources. You can often collect this water and repurpose it. Place a few containers under the water to gather it, then reuse it to water your plants or lawn.

   ^[5]

   • Water from utilities is called greywater. If you plan on using it, use biodegradable cleaners as well.
   • For example, collect the water you use while waiting for the shower to heat up. Utilize melted ice in your drinks to water plants.

5. 5

   Install a low-flow showerhead and toilet.

   Low-flow models use at least half as much water than regular models. You can purchase these at any home improvement store. Since everyone uses these devices frequently, the water saved by low-flow models adds up every year.

   ^[6]

   • You can buy a showerhead for about $40 USD. It can reduce your yearly water usage by 6,388 US gal (24,180 L) or more, which also helps you save money on your water bill!^[7]

6. 6

   Fix leaky faucets.

   A dripping faucet not only takes water out of the rivers but also increases your water bill. Even a small leak can use up 20 US gal (76 L) per day. If you want to help the rivers, fix leaks as soon as you notice them.

   ^[8]

   • Call a licensed plumber in your area if you can’t fix a leak yourself. It’s better than waiting.

7. 7

   Conserve water even when you’re not at home.

   When you’re at a hotel or another area, act like you would at home. It’s tempting to let the water run because you’re not responsible for the water bill. Remember that the water still comes from rivers and other water sources, so it still has an environmental impact.

   • Always try to limit your water usage and avoid waste.
   • Never waste time in a school, work office, or other public bathroom.

8. 8

   Turn off lights to conserve electricity.

   Although this doesn’t conserve water directly, water is used to produce electrical energy. Leave the lights off when you don’t need them. Make sure your electronic devices are off and unplugged. It reduces your energy bill in addition to keeping more water in rivers.

   ^[9]

   • Items like phone chargers burn a little bit of energy even when they’re not in use. Unplug them to prevent this.
   • Alternative energy sources, such as solar and wind energy, waste less water than regular electricity.

Method 2

Using River-Friendly Products

1. 1

   Select biodegradable cleaning products.

   Any chemicals you use in your home end up back in the water supply. Choose natural soaps or create your own cleaning and

   disinfecting agents

   out of vinegar, baking soda, lemon juice, and other natural products. These products have far less of a negative impact if they reach a river.

   ^[10]

   • Products marked “Poison” or “Danger” are always bad for rivers. Even cleaners marked “Warning” or “Caution” have a negative impact.
   • You should always use cleaning products near a drain. Avoid adding them directly to the water even if they are natural.

2. 2

   Choose recycled products instead of new ones.

   New products take way more water to make than recycled products. Reuse what you already own when possible. If you need to buy something, opt for products made out of recycled paper or other reused material.

   ^[11]

   • Check the labels and research products online for more information on how they are made.
   • Recycled paper, for instance, reduces tree, water, and landfill usage.
   • Unless you're an ethical hunter or know someone who is, try going meatless for 1 day a week. Domestic meat production is a huge cause of water use, and it can negatively impact our rivers and other natural landmarks. Try cutting meat, pork, and chicken out of your diet, even if you only do so for 1 day a week.^[12]
   • 1 lb (0.45 kg) of beef takes about 1,799 US gal (6,810 L) to make.^[13]
   • Once you feel comfortable going meatless for 1 day a week, try expanding that to 2 or 3 days per week for an even bigger positive impact.

3. 3

   Decrease your coffee intake.

   Coffee beans take a ton of water to grow, and then you need more water to make it. Replace it on occasion with tea, which uses less water. Natural fruit juice can be a nice treat sometimes as well.

   ^[14]

   • Dairy and almond milk aren't the best replacement, since animals and almonds use a lot of water. Try a natural soy milk instead.

4. 4

   Limit your use of pesticides.

   Bug spray is a chemical that eventually returns to the water supply in the form of runoff. Around your home, reduce pests by keeping your yard well-drained and maintained. When you think you need a pesticide, spray a small amount directly on your body or plant.

   ^[15]

   • Pesticides harm plants and animals as well, so use them with caution.

5. 5

   Throw any waste into the garbage.

   Avoid dumping anything directly into the river. This includes washing garbage down a drain as well. It can still end up back in the river, polluting or clogging it. This includes items like baby wipes, coffee grounds, and medicine as well as poisonous chemicals. If you’re unsure, dispose of the item in a trash can.

   ^[16]

   • Also avoid washing camping gear in a river. Take it home with you so nothing washes into the water.
   • Avoid going to the bathroom near a river. This counts as pollution too.

Method 3

Getting Involved

1. 1

   Volunteer for a river clean-up project.

   Do a quick search for “river conservation groups” online. If you live near water, chances are a nonprofit or community group helps preserve it. Project volunteers go out as a group and remove trash from waterways.

   ^[17]

   • Volunteer groups may have alternative ways to get involved as well, such as helping out at their offices.

2. 2

   Donate to a conservation group.

   Visit a river conservation group’s website or talk to a group representative in-person to find out about their donation policies. You can find plenty of groups online and across the world. Most of these groups are nonprofit, so they depend on donations. Even if you don’t clean the river, your donation helps the group stay active.

   ^[18]

   • Many groups also offer annual memberships. With a small donation, you can get perks like a newsletter subscription and a merchandise discount.
   • A few examples of national and international river groups include American Rivers and International Rivers.

3. 3

   Report any river pollution you see.

   Serve as a riverkeeper by telling others about any issues you see when you’re down by the water. When you see something wrong, you can usually call a river conservation group and tell them. Otherwise, call the government environmental or natural resources in your area.

   ^[19]

   • For example, dead fish or trash near the river are some signs of pollution.
   • Avoid handling animals or dangerous waste like needles unless you are trained by a conservation group.

Method 4

Encouraging Others to Save the Rivers

1. 1

   Bring others to the waterfront.

   Go for walks near rivers with your friends and families. If other people learn to appreciate the rivers more, they are more likely to join you in protecting them.

   ^[20]

   • Try doing some river-related activities like swimming or kayaking.

2. 2

   Spread conservation news on social media.

   Post on Facebook, Twitter, and other sites about conservation. Tell others about the need to conserve water and what they can do to protect the river. You may be able to teach others and get them to join your cause.

   ^[21]

   • For example, post about any volunteer work you do.
   • Repost stories from conservation groups to spread the word.

3. 3

   Tell others how to save water.

   Notice the ways other people waste or pollute water. Sometimes they don’t realize how much their actions affect rivers, so you may be able to help them. Offer them a few polite tips on what they can do differently in order to be a force for positive change.

   • For instance, you can say, “Did you know a bottle of water takes 15 lb (6.8 kg) to make? Would you please consider using a refillable water bottle in the future?”^[22]

Tips

• Conserving water in your home saves you money as well as helps save the rivers.
• When outdoors, never dump anything into the water. Dispose of waste in a safe location, such as a trashcan.

Article Info

Featured Article

Categories: Environmental Awareness

Thanks to all authors for creating a page that has been read 477 times.

Did this article help you?

 

How to Treat Numbness in Hands

Expert Reviewed

Three Methods:Relieving Occasional NumbnessDealing with Nerve ConditionsManaging Underlying ConditionsCommunity Q&A

Feelings of numbness or tingling in your hands are annoying but, fortunately, pins and needles usually go away quickly. Holding your hands in a relaxed position or giving them a good shake should do the trick. While occasional, temporary numbness is normal, frequent symptoms could be a sign of an underlying issue. Carpal tunnel syndrome is the most common cause of persistent numbness in the hands, and it can usually be managed with home treatment. Though less likely, hand numbness could also be related to degenerative disk disease or a pinched nerve in your neck. See your doctor for an accurate diagnosis and for help managing any underlying conditions.

Steps

Method 1

Relieving Occasional Numbness

1. 1

   Hold your hands in a comfortable, neutral position.

   Numbness and tingling can occur when you sleep on your hands or hold them in an awkward position. Changing positions usually does the trick. Relax your hands and arms, and keep your elbows and wrists straight.

   ^[1]

2. 2

   Shake your hands until the numbness subsides.

   If numbness persists for longer than 30 seconds after changing positions, try shaking your hands at the wrists. Shake your hands vigorously, but don’t shake so hard that your wrists pop or crack.

   ^[2]

   • If you slept on your hand, your nerves and circulation were compressed for a long duration. Numbness might stick around longer than if you just held your hand in an awkward position for a few minutes.

3. 3

   Run your hands under warm water for 2 to 3 minutes.

   If your hands are still numb, hold them under running water that’s about 90 to 100 °F (32 to 38 °C). Be sure the water is warm instead of hot. Slowly flex and stretch your hands and wrists as you hold them under the water.

   ^[3]

   • Warm water can increase blood flow and soothe your hands. It’s also recommended for numbness related to underlying conditions, such as carpal tunnel syndrome and Raynaud’s phenomenon.

4. 4

   See your doctor if you experience frequent or asymmetrical numbness.

   Occasional, temporary numbness is normal. However, numbness that's frequent, persistent, or on just one side of your body could be a sign of an underlying condition, such as nerve strain or damage.

   ^[4]

   • Carpal tunnel syndrome is the most common nerve condition related to numbness in the hands and forearms. Less common causes include fibromyalgia, multiple sclerosis, and spinal disorders.
   • See a doctor promptly for numbness related to an injury or if you experience dizziness, difficulty talking, weakness, headache, or confusion.

Method 2

Dealing with Nerve Conditions

1. 1

   Tell your doctor which parts of your hands are affected.

   Different forms of nerve strain or damage affect distinct parts of the hand. Your doctor can perform tests to accurately diagnose nerve compression or damage. They’ll examine your forearms and hands, have you move your hands and fingers and, if necessary, perform an x-ray.

   ^[5]

   • Numbness in the thumb, index, middle, and ring fingers (and the side of your palm with these fingers) is a symptom of carpal tunnel syndrome.
   • If your ring and little fingers become numb when you bend your elbow, cubital tunnel syndrome could be the issue.
   • Numbness or pain concentrated at the top of the hand could be due to a compressed radial nerve.

2. 2

   Take frequent stretch breaks during repetitive activities, such as typing.

   Every 20 to 30 minutes, hold your hands in a prayer pose about 6 inches (15 cm) in front of your chest. Keeping your hands in the prayer position, raise your elbows until you feel a stretch in your forearms. Hold the stretch for 10 to 20 seconds, then relax.

   ^[6]

   • You can also extend your right arm in front of you with your wrist bent, so the back of your hand faces you. Use your left hand to gently pull your right fingers toward you so you feel a stretch in your right forearm.
   • Hold the stretch for 10 to 20 seconds, then switch arms.

3. 3

   Alternate soaking your hands in cold and warm water.

   Fill one bucket with cold water and another with warm (not hot) water. Soak your hands and forearms in the cold water for 2 to 3 minutes, then soak them in the warm water. Continue alternating until you've held your hands in each bucket 3 times.

   ^[7]

   • Try soaking your hands in cold and warm water 3 to 4 times daily, or whenever you feel numbness or tingling.

4. 4

   Wear wrist braces while you sleep for carpal tunnel syndrome.

   For carpal tunnel syndrome, wear wrist braces to keep your hands and forearms in neutral positions while you sleep.

   ^[8]

   • Ask your doctor to recommend the right brace for your particular issue.

5. 5

   Wear elbow braces for cubital tunnel syndrome while you sleep.

   Bending the elbow aggravates cubital tunnel syndrome, so wearing elbow braces at night is best for this condition. Ask your doctor to recommend the best brace.

   ^[9]

   • You can also wrap a towel around the appropriate joint, then use tape to secure it.

6. 6

   Ask your doctor if they recommend a cortisone shot.

   If numbness, tingling, and pain interfere with your daily activities, a corticosteroid shot might provide relief. While a cortisone shot can relieve flare-ups, its effects are temporary.

   ^[10]

   • You might experience pain and swelling at the injection site for the first 1 to 2 days after getting a cortisone shot. If necessary, apply ice for 15 minutes every 3 hours.
   • Your doctor might also recommend an oral corticosteroid, such as prednisone. Let them know if you have diabetes, as corticosteroids can make it difficult to regulate insulin levels.^[11]

7. 7

   See a physical therapist for numbness related to neck issues.

   Since the nerves in the hands are rooted in the neck, spinal problems can cause numbness throughout the arms, hands, and fingers. If necessary, ask your doctor to refer you to a licensed physical therapist or chiropractor.

   ^[12]

   • Serious neck issues, such as bone spurs or a herniated disc, might require surgery.

8. 8

   Quit smoking and drinking alcohol, if necessary.

   Smoking and heavy drinking can constrict blood flow and aggravate nerve issues. If you’re a smoker, ask your doctor or pharmacist for tips on quitting. If you drink more than the recommended amount, try to cut down your consumption.

   ^[13]

   • The recommended intake for men is up to 2 drinks per day. For women, the recommended amount is 1 drink.^[14]

Method 3

Managing Underlying Conditions

1. 1

   Ask your doctor if you need to consume more vitamin B12.

   Symptoms of a vitamin B deficiency include numbness in the hands, legs, or feet, balance problems, difficulty thinking, weakness, and yellowing of the skin. If you suspect you have a deficiency, talk to your doctor about making dietary changes or taking a vitamin supplement.

   ^[15]

   • Sources of vitamin B12 include red meat, poultry, seafood, dairy products, and eggs. Plants don’t make vitamin B12, so strict vegetarians and vegans are at a higher risk of developing a deficiency.
   • Talk to you doctor before taking any vitamin or dietary supplement.

2. 2

   Manage your blood glucose levels if you’re diabetic.

   High glucose levels and low insulin levels related to diabetes can cause

   diabetic neuropathy

   , which is a type of nerve damage. If necessary, work with your doctor or specialist to get your glucose levels under control. Your doctor or pharmacist can also recommend oral or topical medication to help relieve numbness and pain.

   ^[16]

3. 3

   Get tested for Raynaud’s phenomenon.

   People with Raynaud’s phenomenon have limited blood flow to the fingers and toes, which causes them to feel numb and cold. During attacks, fingers or toes might also turn white or blue. If your doctor suspects you have Raynaud’s phenomenon, they’ll perform a physical exam, order a blood test, and look at your fingernails under a microscope.

   ^[17]

   • If you have Raynaud’s phenomenon, do your best to keep your hands and feet warm. Regular exercise can help improve blood flow, but you should consult your doctor before starting a new workout routine.
   • Your doctor might also prescribe medication to regulate your blood pressure or relax constricted blood vessels.^[18]
   • Tobacco, alcohol, and caffeine can bring on attacks, so avoid these substances.

4. 4

   Consult your doctor for numbness related to cancer treatment.

   Numbness in the hands, feet, and other body parts is a common side effect of chemotherapy drugs. Tell your doctor or specialist about these or any other side effects. They might be able to prescribe medication to help relieve pain, numbness, or tingling.

   ^[19]

   • Some people who experience numbness and tingling due to chemotherapy find that acupuncture helps relieve their discomfort.^[20]

Tips

• Call emergency services if you experience sudden numbness accompanied by dizziness, weakness, confusion, difficulty talking, or a severe headache.^[21]
• See a doctor promptly if you experience numbness after suffering an injury.^[22]

Article Info

Featured Article

Categories: Arm and Hand Health

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How to Maintain Leather Shoes

You love your leather shoes, and you want to keep them beautiful and shiny for years to come. To keep your shoes looking their best, clean them regularly, particularly in harsh weather like snow and ice. Condition them every month or so to moisturize the leather, and then polish them for that lovely sheen. You may want to waterproof your shoes, though many modern shoes already come with a protective layer. When you put them away, store them properly, which will keep them pristine.

EditSteps

EditCleaning Leather Shoes

1. Remove dirt with a soft cloth. Rub off as much dirt and grime as you can with a clean, dry cloth. Try to scrape off any loose mud, for instance, and wipe away any excess salt.^[1]
   
2. Apply a cleaner with a soft brush. If the cleaner comes with an applicator top, use it to rub the cleaner into the shoe. If it doesn't have one, use a soft brush or cloth to rub it in. Make gentle circles with the brush or cloth.^[2] Use a little water when applying saddle soap or other similar soaps.^[3]
   
   • Saddle soap or any smooth leather cleaner will work for unfinished or finished leather. Smooth leather refers to any leather that isn't textured. For instance, suede is a textured leather, so it's not considered "smooth."
   • With finished leather, almost any mild soap will work, such as a laundry detergent meant for fragile clothing.^[4]
   • Don't use sponges, as they can contain chemicals that may damage your leather.
3. Deal with salt stains using water and vinegar. Mix 1 part vinegar with 2 parts water. Gently rub the mixture into the salt stains using a soft cloth or brush. Keep adding the mixture to your shoes to remove the stain.^[5]
   
   • Salt stains leave a white residue on your shoes.
   • This method will also strip your shoes of wax polish if you have a buildup.^[6]
4. Allow your shoes to air dry at room temperature. Leave your shoes out to dry thoroughly before you apply polish, conditioner, or weather proofer. Don't use heat, however, as it can damage the leather.^[7]
   
   • Leave them alone for at least 15 minutes, though overnight is better.^[8]

EditPolishing Your Footwear

1. Remove the laces from the shoes. Laces can prevent the polish or conditioner from spreading evenly across the shoe. If your shoes have laces, gently pull them out from the eyelets one by one until you've separated them from the shoes.^[9]
   
2. Condition your shoes at least every 25 wears. Conditioning helps moisturize the leather. As it dries out, it can crack, leading to damaged shoes. Use a clean cloth to rub the conditioner in using small circular movements. Remove any excess conditioner once you've conditioned the whole shoe.^[10]
   
   • If you live in a place with harsh weather, such as a place with icy winters and salty sidewalks or a very dry climate, you should condition your shoes after you wear them 5 to 10 times. In less harsh climates, do it every 15 to 25 wears.
3. Apply a polish to your shoes once a month for protection. Using light pressure, use circles to add small amounts of polish to the shoe. A soft cloth or horsehair brush is good for this task. Keep applying the polish until you've covered the shoe. Wipe any excess off.^[11]
   
   • A wax-based polish will provide more protection for your shoes.
   • Make sure you match the color of the polish to the color of your shoes. Once you think you have a good color, apply a little polish in an inconspicuous place to see if it matches.^[12]
4. Try a spit shine for shiny shoes. For a spit shine, tightly stretch a cloth over your fingers. Add a little bit of water. Rub it over one area on your shoe, which will begin to harden the wax already on it. Keep rubbing until the area shines, and continue with the rest of the shoe.^[13]
   
   • Typically, a polishing last about a week.

EditWeatherproofing for Snowy and Icy Weather

1. Use a beeswax product to weatherproof your shoes thoroughly. Weatherproofing products with beeswax provide a good seal against the weather. Apply the product to the shoe with a clean cloth or brush, and rub it in using small circles. Wipe off any excess, and let your shoes dry.^[14]
   
   • Apply these products about once a season.
   • Some products come with an applicator that you can use to apply the beeswax product to the shoe.
2. Use plain beeswax for a cheap option. Melt plain beeswax in a wax warmer, and apply it to the boot with a brush. It will leave a thick, ugly layer because it dries quickly, but you'll use the heat gun or blow dryer to melt the layer again.^[15] Use a heat gun or blow dryer to melt the wax on the boot, and rub it in with the brush.^[16]
   
   • Beeswax was a common waterproofing material before modern waterproofing pastes were created.
   • Apply wax about once a season.
3. Try a spray-on product to weatherproof with a prettier finish. Spray-on products don't leave as thick a layer as beeswax products, so choose them for a prettier finish. Hold the spray-on polish about away from the shoe. Spray the product in a steady, even layer. Let the product dry before you wear the shoes.^[17]
   
   • These products don't waterproof as well or last as long as beeswax products so you'll need to reapply them several times throughout the season.
4. Put galoshes on to protect your leather shoes in wet weather. If you're worried about an expensive pair of leather shoes, then your best bet is to put galoshes on over your shoes, particularly if you live in a rainy climate where you're required to walk a lot. You'll be able to avoid the majority of the moisture and the salt.^[18]
   
   • Galoshes come in many shapes and styles so you can find a pair that fits your fashion sense and look.

EditCaring for and Storing Leather Shoes

1. Give your shoes a break between wears. Leather tends to absorb moisture from sources like rain, sweat, and dew. Giving your shoes a break between the days you wear them allows them time to dry out.^[19]
   
   • Try alternating pairs of leather shoes if you prefer to wear leather everyday.
2. Insert shoe trees when you're not wearing the shoes. Leather can lose its shape if it doesn't have support, particularly if it's wet at all. A shoe tree will draw out some of the moisture and help your shoe keep its shape at the same time.^[20]
   
   • Shoe trees are the inserts that are shaped like a human foot. Pick unfinished cedar inserts to wick water away, as plastic will not absorb the moisture.^[21]
   • Wadded up newspaper will work to absorb moisture in place of a shoe tree, but it won't work as well to keep the shoes in shape.
3. Clean your shoes or have a professional do it before you store them. If you plan on storing your shoes for the summer, clean them first. Otherwise, the stains on them will set in and be nearly impossible to clean when you take them out of storage.^[22]
   
   • Have them cleaned by a professional to ensure they're really clean.
4. Store your shoes in breathable fabric. Leather needs air to help rid itself of moisture. If you place it in a plastic bag, the bag seals that moisture in. Instead, choose something breathable, such as a fabric bag.^[23]
   
   • Most shoe boxes do not provide enough fresh air to keep leather dry, so avoid storing leather shoes in them.

EditTips

• Avoid wearing your leather shoes on very wet days to keep them from getting soaked.
• Many of these tips will also work on second-hand leather shoes. With a bit of work, you can have a beautiful pair of leather shoes, and no one will know they came from the thrift store.

EditVideo

EditRelated wikiHows

• Maintain Faux Leather
• Protect Suede Boots
• Polish Shoes with a Banana
• Repair a Scrape on Faux Leather Shoes

EditSources and Citations

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